Tuesday, February 7, 2012

REPORTING TEXT : ENVIRONTMENTAL FISHING METHODS


A. Make 10 questions from the text.
1.      How were the survival rates for saithe and cod during high and low fishing intensity periods?
2.      What does the result showed by the survival project ?
3.      Who did fund the survival project in 2003?
4.      Who do the fish that have the poorest swimming ability and will tire quickly?
5.      What should be avoided according to the experiments of mackerel?
6.      Why is the  smallest fish that are most likely to die?
7.     What’s the function of Nordmore grid?
8.     Where is the scientists come from in survival project?
9.      What is the two identical large floating net pens through a transfer channel of mackerel?
10.   What is the difference in survival between different length-groups of whitting and haddock?

B.  Report and list main ideas of each paragraph.
1.    The principal objective of the fish capture research is the development of resource and environtmentally friendly commercial fishing gears and the provision of better tools for ecosystem and stock monitoring.
2.    Behavioral observations in and around various fishing gears have been used to develop more species and size selective fishing gears.

3.    The nordmore grid for separating shrimp and fish was developed in the late eighties and has been adopted in all North Atlantic shrimp fisheries.
4.    In order for technical measures to work, it is important to ensure that the fish  that escape from the gear actually survive.
5.    In 2003  the survival project was started to assess the survival of fish escaping from towed fishing gears.
6.    The experiments showed that survival of fish that had passed through a trawl codend was generally good.
7.    The experiments investigating whether fish escaping at the surface survive showed that surface-escapees had substantially lower chance of surviving than fish escaping during the low.
8.    Survival experiments conducted in the barents sea compared the survival of fish escaping from a trawl codend in an area which was first closed to commercil trawlers and then reopened to intensive trawling activity.
9.    Survival rates were high for saithe and cod, close to 99% during both high and low fishing intensity periods.
10. Haddock survival was substantially lower and varied considerably from haul to haul.
11.  The survival project showed that the survival of haddock, whiting, cod, and saithe escaping from trawl codends were generally better than previous investigation have suggested.
12.  Recently a new offshore methode has been used to study the effect of crowding with subsequent slipping from a purse on the mortalityof atlantic mackerel.
13.  In these experiments mackerel were carefully transferred from a purse seine into two identical large floating net-pens through a transfere of channel.
14.  A total of five experiments were conducted and it was evident that crowding had a major effect on survival of mackerel.

C. List un familiar words and find out the synonim and antonym.
Words                                                synonim                          antonym
ü  Fishing gears
ü  Provision
ü  Discard
ü  Fisheries
ü  Grid
ü  Further
ü  Demersal
ü  Pelagic
ü  Bycatch
ü  Cod
ü  Saithe
ü  Herring
ü  Trawl
ü  Ensure
ü  Seining
ü  Funded
ü  Assess
ü  Haddock
ü  Whiting
ü  Towed
ü  Codend
ü  Herds
ü  Fatigued
ü  Tow
ü  Conducted
ü  Cage
ü  Anchored
ü  Sea-bed
ü  Rate
ü  Varied
ü  Slipping
ü  Fate
ü  Crowded
ü  Offshore
ü  Subsequent
ü  Float
ü  Gradually
ü  Hoisting
ü  Crane
ü  Eident
ü  Inevitable
ü  Exert
ü  Haul

D. New information
Some oceanic term that we don’t know before, like:
1.    The word Sea-bed is not “ranjang laut” but “dasar laut”
The word Gears is not “gir sepeda/motor) but “alat memancing”

No comments:

Post a Comment