A. BILLINGUALISM
Bilingualism is about
the use of two language or two language code. Monolingualism, that is the
ability to use but a single language code, such a widely accepted norm in so
many parts of the western world that is often assumed to be a worldwide
phenomenon, to the extent the bilingual and multilingual individual may appear
to be unusual. Indeed, we often mixed feeling when we discover that someone
meet is fluent in several languages.
Bloomfield in his book
Language (1933:56) said that bilingualism is the ability of the speaker to use
2 language with the same ability. So, according to Bloomfield someone is
bilingual if he/she can use the two language with the same ability. But this
statement is quite controversial. Firstly, how we can measure the speaker’s
ability to the two language he/she uses. Secondly, is there speaker who can use
the two language with the same ability, if yes, it will be very rare to find.
Diebold (1968:10) said
that the presence of bilingualism at the beginning of the bilingualism rate
experienced by the people, especially children who are learning a second
language in the early stages. At this stage it is still very simple
bilingualism and the low level. But can not be ignored because at this stage of
the base located next bilingualism.
From the above
discussion can be summed up as an answer to the first question that the
definition of bilingualism is a range of tiered finally began to master the
language well plus the first few will know a second language, second language
acquisition followed by a tiered rose to second language acquisition as well as
mastery first language. If bilingualism is up at this stage it means that
bilingual speakers will be able to use the first language and second language
as well, for the function and any situation and anywhere. A bilingual who can
use both languages equally well with a first language, by Halliday (in
Fishman 1968:141) called ambilingual; by Oksaar (in Sebeok 1972:481) called
ekuilingual; and by Diebold (in Hymes 1964:496) referred to the coordinates
bilingual.
