Profesi kependidikan THE ROLE AND DUTIES OF TEACHERS (PERAN DAN TUGAS GURU)

THE ROLE AND DUTIES OF TEACHERS

A.    The Role Of Teachers In Schools

As the explanation before, teacher has meaningful  as a professional teacher with the primary task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assess and evaluate students. In line with that teacher has a role that’s multifunctional. Contained more than just the product of a law about teacher, such as UU NO. 14 of 2005 about teachers and lecturers, and PP No.74 about teachers. mujtahid (2010) suggests that teachers act as designers, movers, evaluator and motivator.

a.       Teacher as designer

                        Support the fulfillment of the school principal, the teacher's job as a designer is preparing curriculum and academic activities and learning, organize student activities, formulate infrastructure needs and financing sources estimating school operations, and relationships with parents, communities, stakeholders and included in agencies perform basic tasks, there are several things that must be considered by the teacher, those are:

1.      Know and understand the vision of the school's mission and objectives of the institution school / madrasah

2.      Able to analyze data related to the problem of curriculum change, students development, learning resources and learning needs, learning strategies. As well as the progress of science, technology, and information.

3.      Able to make up the school programs prioritize are structured  and systematic  such as the process of student recruitment, MOS, the learning process, and the evaluation process

4.      Able to develop special programs that benefit the creation of innovation schools, particularly in the areas of education and learning

b.      Teacher as a mobilizer

             Teachers also say as a driver, the mobilizer who encourage and motivate school organization system. In order to fulfill the functions of a teacher must have the intellectual ability and a strong personality. Intellectual ability for example: has a soul vision, creator, researcher, rational soul, and spirit to go forward. It has a flexible personality, dignified, thoughtful, wise and honest, objective attitude in making decisions, tolerance and responsibility, commitment and discipline.

            To encourage and motivate an advanced school system does require the ability to streamline the performance of human resources and optimally and sustainably.

c.       Teachers as Evaluators

Teachers function as an evaluator is to evaluate the activity that have been done in the school system. A teacher must continue to evaluate both into and out of school, gunu improve the quality of education is better. internal evaluation is intended to look back at the success rate and the level of disadvantage in school eg vision, mission and goals of school facilities., curriculum., educators and education personnel., fund infrastructure, regulatory, organizational, cultural and work or study.
External evaluation aimed to see and order faced eluang skolah eg menjagan public trust., Meet the expectations of parents., Meet stakeholder needs, design internship program money for the competition., Pay attention to the impact of science and technology and information and the influence of the social environment.

d.      Teachers as a motivator

Motivation in the learning process is a critical success. A teacher should portray myself as a motivator for his students, his colleagues, as well as the environment. According to McDonald, as quoted by M. Sutiko Sorby (2009). Motivation is the energy change in a person characterized by the emergence of feelings and preceded by the response to the goal. But in essence that is a condition psychologists motivation that drives someone to do something.

             In some sources explain that there are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
in  intrinsic motivation arises, the individual their self without any encouragement from coercion, but rather on the basis of their own accord. Extrinsic motivation arises as a result of external influences of individual, such as: an invitation, errands or coercion from others.

B. The Expansion of teachers role

            In the future, teacher will become more strategic, future teacher should be able to play these role:

1.      As a conselor. Teacher should be able to collect data and information and also present it in front of other teachers and students, to be a learning reconstructional and academic supporting activities.

2.      As a subject who produce. Teacher not only become distributor of knowledge but also he/she should be able to produce new experience and methods for teaching and learning reconstructional.

3.      As a planner. Teachers have personal work program, for example sets of learning documents like semester program, lesson item, students paper work, etc. But teachers have too plan how every learning done is maximum and of course what and how the plan is done and well programmed.

4.      As innovator. Teachers have willingness to perform renewal and this renewal is meant according with the learning pattern, including teaching method, learning media, system and evaluation device and also nurturant effect. Individually or together, are able to change the old patterns which do not give maximum result by changing it to the new pattern of learning. So it will give the better result.

5.      As a motivator. The future teacher should have motivation to continue and always study/learn, and of course should give a positive motivation to the students as well.

6.      As a capable personal. Teachers should have knowledge, skill, creativity, and strong attitude in order that they can manage the learning process effectively.

7.      As a developer. Teachers have willingness to develope themselves, and addict the knowledge and skill to the students and other people.

8.      As a connector. Teachers should be able to become a part of social networks who want to develop the school and increase the students learning achievement.

9.      As a keeper. Teachers not only capable in motivating students to be smart and skillful,but also as a subject who can keep the relevant traditional value.

According to Mujtahid (2010) one of teachers role is also to create and build up students motivation to learn. And the above conceptual basic, there are some strategy that can be used by teachers to build up students motivation to learn, they are:

1.      Explain the goal of study to the students

2.      Give reward to the students with good achievement in order that they become more motivated to learn.

3.      Persuade a competition among the students to increase their learning achievement.

4.      Give suitable praise to the students with good learning achievement as a reward.

5.      Give an educating punishment.

6.      Give a motivation by giving them your consentrration.

7.      Create a good studying habit.

8.      Help the stuudents if they get difficulties in learning individually or in groups.

9.      Use a variatif method.

10.  Use a good media and suitable with the goal of learning.

Students’ successfulness is influenced by some factors, internal and external. External factors for example learning facilities, teacher’s method in teaching, and feedback system, etc. Internal factors for example, IQ, learning strategy, motivation, etc.

According to Mujtahid (2010) motivational condition model is needed, they are attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction.

1.      Attention

A teacher should give attention and curiousity to the children/students. With the curiousity, will appear the motivation to study with spirit. To give the curiousity, teachers should bring something new for them, urgensity, weird that will build up their curiousity. This way also serves with interesting and fun way.

2.      Relevance

A teacher should be able to connect the material to the needs and circumstances of students. teachers can raise their motivation to assume that what is learned or useful to meet the personal needs and in accordance with the values ​​held. personal needs differentiated into three categories, namely personal motives, instrumental motives and cultural motifs. First, the value of personal motives. This requirement includes (a) the need for achievement (b) the need to have power (c) the need for affiliation. second, instrumental value, ie the success of the task is considered as a step to achieve further success. Third, cultural values ​​that the objectives consistent or compatible with the values ​​held by the group referred to students, such as parents, peers and society.

3.      Confidence

A teacher must be able to demonstrate their potential with confidence in front of students. motivation increases when confidence was positive, otherwise motivation will decrease as the loss of confidence.

4.      Satisfaction

Success in achieving a goal will result in satisfaction and students will be motivated to continue to try to achieve a similar goal. to improve and maintain student motivation, teachers can use the gift of praise reinforcement opportunity, providing the opportunity and so forth.

C. Teacher’s Duty

            According to the PP. 74 of 2008, the position of teacher that "pure teacher" consists of three types, namely classroom teachers, studies teachers, and subject teachers. Each duty is presented below.

Classroom teachers’ duty

·      compile learning curriculum in the education unit;

·      compile a syllabus for learning;

·      compile the lesson plan;

·      implement learning activities;

·      formulate gauge/matter according to the subject;

·      assess and evaluate process and outcomes of learning the subjects in class;

·      analyze results of the assessment of learning;

·      implement learning/improvement and enrichment by utilize the assessment result and evaluation;

·      implement guidance and counseling in the class which they are responsible;

·      supervising the assessment and evaluation of processes  and learning outcomes at the school and national level;

·      guide the novice teacher in induction program;

·      guide students in extracurricular activities learning process;

·      carry out self-development;

·      carry out scientific publications; and

·      create innovative work.

Subject teachers’ duty

·      compile learning curriculum in the education unit;

·      compile a syllabus for learning;

·      compile the lesson plan;

·      implement learning activities;

·      formulate gauge/matter according to the subject;

·      assess and evaluate the process and learning outcomes in subjects taught;

·      analyze results of the assessment of learning;

·      implement learning/improvement and enrichment by utilize the assessment result and evaluation;

·      supervising the assessment and evaluation of processes  and learning outcomes at the school and national level;

·      guide the novice teacher in induction program;

·      guide students in extracurricular activities learning process;

·      carry out self-development;

·      carry out scientific publications; and

·      create innovative work.

 Guidance and counseling teachers’ duty

·      draw up guidance and counseling curriculum;

·      compile a syllabus for guidance and counseling;

·      draw up guidance and counseling service unit;

·      implement guidance and counseling per semester;

·      formulate gauge/worksheets guidance and counseling programs;

·      evaluate the process and outcomes of guidance and counseling;

·      analyze the results of guidance and counseling;

·      implement learning/improvement follow-up guidance and counseling by utilize the result of evaluation;

·      supervising the assessment and evaluation of processes  and learning outcomes at the school and national level;

·      guide the novice teacher in induction program;

·      guide students in extracurricular activities learning process;

·      carry out self-development;

·      carry out scientific publications; and

·      create innovative work.

In addition to carrying out the above activities, the teacher can perform additional duties or other duties that relevant to the functions of the school.  Besides, teachers are also required to do administrative duties that integral with the main function.