Biography of Emily Dickinson
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American poet. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts,
to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly
introverted and reclusive life. After she studied at the Amherst Academy for
seven years in her youth, she spent a short time at Mount Holyoke Female
Seminary before returning to her family's house in Amherst. Thought of as an
eccentric by the locals, she became known for her penchant for white clothing
and her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room. Most
of her friendships were therefore carried out by correspondence.
Although Dickinson was a prolific private poet, fewer than a dozen of her
nearly eighteen hundred poems were published during her lifetime. The work that
was published during her lifetime was usually altered significantly by the
publishers to fit the conventional poetic rules of the time. Dickinson's poems
are unique for the era in which she wrote; they contain short lines, typically
lack titles, and often use slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization
and punctuation. Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality,
two recurring topics in letters to her friends.
Although most of her acquaintances were probably aware of Dickinson's
writing, it was not until after her death in 1886—when Lavinia, Emily's younger
sister, discovered her cache of poems—that the breadth of Dickinson's work
became apparent. Her first collection of poetry was published in 1890 by
personal acquaintances Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd, both
of whom heavily edited the content. A complete and mostly unaltered collection
of her poetry became available for the first time in 1955 when The Poems of
Emily Dickinson was published by scholar Thomas H. Johnson. Despite unfavorable
reviews and skepticism of her literary prowess during the late 19th and early
20th century, critics now consider Dickinson to be a major American poet.