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Sunday, December 11, 2011

CONTEXTS FOR WRITING: THE USE OF VISUAL MATERIAL



7
 
            CONTEXTS FOR WRITING:
            THE USE OF VISUAL MATERIAL

7.1. Some general considerations
            At first glance, visual material offers an attractive and stimulative and stimulating framework for writting practice, especially if some form of picture sequence is used, and for this reason no doubt the learners generally respond favourably to tasks which relate to some kind of visual context.
7.1.1 Types of visual material
            We may devide visual material into two main categories:
a.       Pictorial : this category includdes single pictures and picture sequence.
b.      Plans, maps, diagrams: diagrams include material such as graps and charts.
7.1.2 The use and abuse of visual material
            By its very nature visual material provides a much more open-ended framework for language practice than texts.
7.2. The role of the teacher
            Visual material clearly has great potential as an aid to developing writing skills and can provide both context and stimulation for a variety of activities but unless it is properly used, it may create more problems than it solves. It is essential, therefore, to do the following:
a.       Identify and define an appropriate writing task which relates to the theme of the visual material.
b.      Identify the language which learners will need in order to carry out the task.
c.       Decide how to prepare the learners for the writing task.
7.3 The use of visual material: Some example
            This section contains some examples of how visual material may be exploited at the post-elementary level for different kinds of writing task.
7.3.1 using a map to practice paragraph construction
            The following activity is based on a simple map like the one shown below, which may be drawn on the board or reproduced on a transparency for use on the overhead projector.
The information which appears on ten different cards is as follows:
1)      The building in Harbour Road between Central Road and New Road is the market.
2)      The market was built in 1875.
3)      The market sells fish.
4)      The market sells vegetables.
5)      The market sells fruit.
6)      The market used to sell meat.
7)      Meat is now sold in the supermarket.
8)      The market is open on Tuesday,Thursdays,Friday and Saturday.
9)       The market is open from 8 a.m to 2 p.m on weekdays.
10)   The market is open from 8 a.m until 5 p.m on Saturday.
There are two main ways in which the dialogue element may be “extracted” :
a)      The student may be first asked to say what  they think the picture are about.(for example the picture in the material).
b)      Alternatively,the dialogue may be cued by providing the first line of the exchange.
In  the picture A and B,the picture is describe about conversation between Mrs ball with her husband.picture  C,a short conversation about gardening and the weather.Mr ball ordering thr tings but forgetting the sugar(D).A conversation about the news (E) picture F involves asking for and giving direction and in picture G and H,the conversation between Mrs ball with her husband has taken such a long time and her husbang tries to make excuses.so,the student have to describe picture and make dialogue about the picture.
Other uses for visual sequences are :
-          Speculation ; get the student to give their own ideas about the people and the setting
-          Roleplay and dramatisation; get the student to work out how they would present people shown in picture and how they would act out some or all of the sequence.
-          Discussion.most people sets will stimulate some kind of discussion.
Some key writing activies will be :
-          Notes    > make a note any important ideas which come up during the oral work.
-          Diary entries   > write up an account of what happened from the viewpoint of one of the people in the sequence.
-          Role description    > write rolecard for one another if they are going to act out the sequence.
-          Letter writing   >  the activity  will involve selective reporting.
-          Report   > depend on the content of the sequence,write one for the one above.

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